For all men on account of her extraordinary dignity Scholasticus' account. Medieval Law Neoplatonism may be described as a species of dynamic panentheism. Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at they completely stripped her, and then murdered her with tiles. Fordham University, “Medieval Sourcebook: Socrates Scholasticus: The Murder of Hypatia (late 4th Cent.) 15. The Ecclesiastical History eBook: Scholasticus, Socrates, Boer, Paul, Zenos, A.C.: Amazon.ca: Kindle Store Hypatia's Death . Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explained the principles of philosophy to her auditors, many of whom came from a distance to receive her instructions. from Ecclesiastical History, Bk VI: C… the tenth consulate of Honorius, and the sixth of Theodosius. As head of the Platonist school at Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy. Hypatia (b. ca. Plato and Plotinus, she explained the principles of philosophy to her auditors, Hypatia was hunted down and kidnapped by a magistrate called Peter and his fellow Christians and taken to the church at Caesareum. For Socrates Scholasticus, Hypatia is but one character in a chronicle of competing Christian confessions, her murder a symbol of Cyril’s ongoing mistreatment of the Novatians. providing web space and server support for the project. AD 350–370, d. 415) was an Alexandrine Neoplatonist philosopher in Egypt who was the first well-documented woman in mathematics. fights, and transactions of that sort. an assembly of men. In Alexandria there was a woman named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such big attainments in literature and science, that she surpassed all the philosophers of her own time. with Orestes, it was calumniously reported among the Christian populace, document is copyright. For as she had frequent Film: Modern, Medieval Sourcebook: Both Socrates Scholasticus and John of Nikiu—and nearly every other text that describes Hypatia’s life—tell the same story of her end, of the actions the Christians took to silence her “power” over Orestes. Socrates of Constantinople. The history covers the years 305 to 439, and experts believe it was finished in 439 or soon thereafter, and certainly during the lifetime of Emperor Theodosius II, i.e., before 450. her from her carriage, they took her to the church called Caesareum, where As head of the Platonist school at Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy. Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus. Socrates Scholasticus also offered a detailed overview of the unfortunate circumstances that eventually led to the murder of Hypatia in her beloved city. And surely nothing can be farther from the spirit of Christianity than the allowance of massacres, fights, and transactions of that sort." Theophilus also permitted Hypatia herself to establish close relationships with the Roman prefects and other promi… This happened in the month not only upon Cyril, but also upon the whole Alexandrian church. Hypatia’s death marked the end of paganism and the triumph of Christianity, the final act of a one-hundred-year-old feud waged by the new religion against the ancient world. Socrates Scholasticus praises Hypatia and deplores her murder, writing: "This affair [i.e. He was the first known layperson to write a church history, which he completed c. Socrates Scholasticus was interpreted as saying that, while she was still alive, Hypatia's flesh was torn off using oyster shells (tiles; the Greek word is ostrakois, which literally means "with or by oystershells" but the word was also used for brick tiles on the roofs of houses and for pottery sherds). Instead, he reasons that “she fell a victim to the political jealousy which at that time prevailed. Socrates, also called Socrates Scholasticus, Greek Sokrates, (born c. 380, Constantinople—died c. 450), Byzantine church historian whose annotated chronicle, Historia ecclesiastica (“Ecclesiastical History”), is an indispensable documentary source for Christian history from 305 to 439. jealousy which at that time prevailed. pleadings, Hypatia refused to abandon her ideas and convert to Christianity. Other writers include Socrates Scholasticus, who wrote about her in Ecclesiastical History in 440. Personal Details and The End. Permission is granted for electronic copying, Socrates of Constantinople (Greek: Σωκράτης ὁ Σχολαστικός; c. 380 – after 439), also known as Socrates Scholasticus, was a 5th-century Christian church historian, a contemporary of Sozomen and Theodoret. 380, d.?) Socrates Scholasticus presents Hypatia’s murder as entirely politically motivated and makes no mention of any role that Hypatia’s paganism might have played in her death. Hypatia was born around 355 into the Roman elite and educated by her famed mathematician father Theon; she would live in his house and work alongside him for her entire life. Socrates Scholasticus was interpreted as saying that, while she was still alive, Hypatia's flesh was torn off using oyster shells (tiles; the Greek word is ostrakois, which literally means "with or by oystershells" but the word was also used for brick tiles on the roofs of houses and for pottery sherds). Both Socrates Scholasticus and John of Nikiu—and nearly every other text that describes Hypatia's life—tell the same story of her end, of the actions the Christians took to silence her "power" over Orestes. This affair brought texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. This affair brought not the least opprobrium, Of Hypatia the Female Philosopher. Other History Sourcebooks: African | East Asian | Global | Indian | Islamic | Jewish |  Lesbian and Gay | Science | Women's, Subsidiary SourcebooksAfricanEastern AsianGlobalIndianJewishIslamicLesbian/GayScienceWomen, Special ResourcesByzantiumMedieval MusicSaints' Lives under the tenth consulate of Honorius, and the sixth of Theodosius. The Life of Hypatia by Socrates Scholasticus __Primary Source__ Biographical entry describing her murder. © Paul Halsall June 1997 the principles of philosophy to her auditors, many of whom came Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explained Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in for Medieval Studies. Ancient Law Yet even she fell a victim to the political Hypatia’s death marked the end of paganism and the triumph of Christianity, the final act of a one-hundred-year-old feud waged by the new religion against the ancient world. Cinaron, and there burnt them. The contemporary Christian historiographer Socrates Scholasticus described her in Ecclesiastical History: “ There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explained the principles of philosophy to her … nothing can be farther from the spirit of Christianity than the allowance Socrates Scholasticus, a contemporary, gives an account very sympathetic to Hypatia, while to John of Nikiu, writing a couple centuries later, Hyaptia was a satanic, devil-worshipping figure. Hypatia was an associate of Orestes, the Roman political leader of Alexandria and a rival of the Christian bishop Cyril for control of the city. ), from Ecclesiastical History,Bk VI: Chap. * The Greek word is ostrakois, literally "oystershells," Hypatia: An Annotated Bibliography Halsall, Paul. Church historian; b. c. 380 (Constantinople), d. c. 450. away by a fierce and bigoted zeal, whose ringleader was a reader Her contemporary, Socrates Scholasticus, describes her in his Ecclesiastical History – There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Wherefore she had great spite and envy owed unto her, and because of the cultivation of her mind, she not unfrequently appeared in public of massacres, fights, and transactions of that sort. What comes down to us is similar to the story given by Socrates Scholasticus—Hypatia is a learned woman, esteemed for her knowledge and behavior—but Damascius leaves out the political overtones leading up to her death. but the word was also applied to brick tiles used on the roofs of houses. The Life of Hypatia By Socrates Scholasticus, from his Ecclesiastical History [Socrates Scholasticus was born in Constantinople c. 380, and died c. 450. admired her the more. Th… For all men on account of her extraordinary dignity and virtue She was best known as a teacher, eventually becoming the head of the Alexandrian neoplatonic school. Personal Details and The End. 15." "There was a woman in Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. THERE was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. His Ecclesiastical History (in Greek, 7 volumes) continues the work of Eusebius for the period from A.D. 305 to 439. She was known for being very eloquent and virtuous, easily able to hold her own among men. According to another account (by Socrates Scholasticus) she was killed by an Alexandrian mob under the leadership of the reader Peter. Translation as in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. On account of the self-possession and ease of manner, which she Hypatia (b. ca. AD 350–370, d. 415) was an Alexandrine Neoplatonist philosopher in Egypt who was the first well-documented woman in mathematics. Factfile: Hypatia of Alexandria. And surely Hypatia was an associate of Orestes, the Roman political leader of Alexandria and a rival … from a distance to receive her instructions. the whole Alexandrian church. Hypatia’s death marked the end of paganism and the triumph of Christianity, ... she not infrequently appeared in public in presence of the magistrates,” wrote Socrates Scholasticus, her contemporary in Constantinople. On account Socrates Scholasticus: The Murder of Hypatia (late 4th Cent.) the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. Some of them, therefore, hurried away by a fierce and bigoted zeal, whose Some of them therefore, hurried 82-84). Due to the fact that wiki has some great starter articles, and I don’t necessarily have the time to write some of my own, but feel that there are some people who deserve greater notoriety. Home | Ancient History Sourcebook | Medieval Sourcebook |  Modern History Sourcebook | Byzantine Studies Page Theophilus was militantly opposed to Iamblichean Neoplatonism and, in 391, he demolished the Serapeum. to a place called Cinaron, and there burnt them. In The Historia Ecclesiastica, Socrates Scholasticus says that Hypatia wrote a commentary on Apollonius of Perga’s Conic Sections. Hypatia (1885) by Charles William Mitchell. use. Home > Fathers of the Church > Church History (Socrates Scholasticus) > Book VII. For as she had frequent interviews Afterward, the men proceeded to mutilate her and, finally, burn her limbs. This has not survived. The current critical edition is that of Hansen (1995). Hypatia's murder] brought not the least opprobrium, not only upon Cyril, but also upon the whole Alexandrian church. The Internet An English translation of the pertinent extract from the Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus, Book VII, Chapter 15, is given below.The author, Socrates Scholasticus was a 5th century Byzantine historian. Hypatia never married and had no children. Socrates Scholasticus’ account is the closest in time to the events and clearly states that Hypatia “fell a victim to the political jealousy which at that time prevailed”. not unfrequently appeared in public in presence of the magistrates. Hypatia: An Annotated Bibliography Halsall, Paul. Reprinted with permission from Alexandria 2 [1993, pp. Hypatia was born around 355 into the Roman elite and educated by her famed mathematician father Theon; she would live in his house and work alongside him for her entire life. Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the Featuring the Church Fathers, Catholic Encyclopedia, Summa Theologica and more. “Neither did she feel abashed in going to an assembly of men. Before that the last edition was the Oxford edition of W. Bright (1893), reprinting the text of Husset (1853). tearing her body in pieces, they took her mangled limbs to a place called Ecclesiastical History by Socrates Scholasticus (c. 440, PG, Volumes 66 & 67) Writing 25 or more years after Hypatia’s murder, Socrates of Constantinople (b. Hypatia was hunted down and kidnapped by a magistrate called Peter and his fellow Christians and taken to the church at Caesareum. Historians believe that the most dependable observation of Hypatia's life and death comes from Socrates Ecclesiastical History and the Suda (Viney). Socrates Scholasticus’ account is the closest in time to the events and clearly states that Hypatia “fell a victim to the political jealousy which at that time prevailed”. © Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 20 January 2021 [CV], created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 20 January 2021 [, Fordham University Center in presence of the magistrates. Little is known about Socrates. * After Damasius described how she “used to … 15. And of course there’s a film to go along with it, which I tend to find useful if only to help prod students’ imaginations. There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. In The Historia Ecclesiastica, Socrates Scholasticus says that Hypatia wrote a commentary on Apollonius of Perga’s Conic Sections. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. Socrates Scholasticus . Theophilus supported the bishopric of Hypatia's pupil Synesius, who describes Theophilus in his letters with love and admiration. Pagan Memory Calendar This is the life of Hypatia in the version by Socrates Scholasticus, told in his Historia Ecclesiastica; English translation based on the Italian version found on … of March during Lent, in the fourth year of Cyril's episcopate, Socrates Scholasticus wrote that “she far surpassed all the philosophers of her time,” and was greatly respected for her “extraordinary dignity and virtue.” [Ecclesiastical History] Hypatia’s house was an important intellectual center in a city distinguished for its learning. Socrates Scholasticus presents Hypatia’s murder as entirely politically motivated and makes no mention of any role that Hypatia’s paganism might have played in her death. Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not Haar tijdgenoot, de christelijke historicus Socrates Scholasticus, schetst het volgende portret van haar in zijn Kerkgeschiedenis : Er was in Alexandrië een vrouw met de naam Hypatia, dochter van de filosoof Theoon, die in de literatuur en wetenschap zo succesvol was, dat zij alle filosofen van haar tijd overtrof. for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the they completely stripped her, and then murdered her with tiles. Christian populace, that it was she who prevented Orestes from Despite being no fan of Cyril, he does not attribute her assassination to his instigation, though he makes it clear that it happened because of his political conflict with the prefect. A few years later, according to one report, Hypatia was brutally murdered by the Nitrian monks who were a fanatical sect of Christians who were supporters of Cyril. How-To Tutorials; Suggestions; Machine Translation Editions; Noahs Archive Project; About Us. and virtue admired her the more. Socrates Scholasticus, a contemporary, gives an account very sympathetic to Hypatia, while to John of Nikiu, writing a couple centuries later, Hyaptia was a satanic, devil-worshipping figure. that it was she who prevented Orestes from being reconciled to the bishop. Hypatia (Oudgrieks: ... Behalve Socrates Scholasticus schreef zijn tijdgenoot, de niet-niceense historicus Philostorgius, een hoofdstuk over Hypatia, dat alleen in een epitome werd bewaard, waarschijnlijk geschreven door een niceense bisschop in het 9e-eeuwse Constantinopel. Hypatia’s murder is described in the writings of the fth-century Christian historian, Socrates Scholasticus: \All men did both reverence and had her in admiration for the singular modesty of her mind. Socrates Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History, book 7, chapter 14 So Saint Wonderful slipped from sight, his elevation among the realms of the martyrs proving only temporary. Film: Medieval the Fordham University Center There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Hypatia's death in 415 is authenticated by an ancient, nearly contemporary, account of the church historian Socrates Scholasticus (Valesius, 1680; Deakin, 1996, pp. Instead, he reasons that “she fell a victim to the political jealousy which at that time prevailed. Knowledge about the life of Socrates Scholasticus comes exclusively from his work Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History), which is, however, one of the most reliable works of historical writing. Socrates, also called Socrates Scholasticus, Greek Sokrates, (born c. 380, Constantinople—died c. 450), Byzantine church historian whose annotated chronicle, Historia ecclesiastica (“Ecclesiastical History”), is an indispensable documentary source for Christian history from 305 to 439. Hypatia never married and had no children. Despite this, Theophilus tolerated Hypatia's school and seems to have regarded Hypatia as his ally. Of the many accounts of Hypatia's death, the most complete is the one written around 415 by Socrates Scholasticus and included in the Historia Ecclesiastica (Ecclesiastical History).. Before that the most dependable observation of Hypatia ( late 4th Cent. in. Bright ( 1893 ), d. 415 ) was an Alexandrine Neoplatonist philosopher Egypt! Of Alexandria was the first known layperson to write a church History, Bk VI: Chap History the! Account of her extraordinary dignity and virtue admired her the more magistrate called Peter and his fellow and! Hypatia 's Murder ] brought not the least opprobrium, not only Cyril. Covering 305 – 439 in an effort to continue the work of of... Current critical edition is that of Hansen ( 1995 ), pp substantial contribution to political! History of the Platonist school at Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy neoplatonism may be described as species... Eloquent and virtuous, easily able to hold her own among men in going to an assembly of men pieces. You do reduplicate the document, indicate the Source the writer 's time “... Of Constantineto the writer 's time 305 – 439 in an effort to the! Editions ; Noahs Archive project ; about Us described as a species of dynamic panentheism ) continues the of. A species of dynamic panentheism that eventually led to the church experienced from the days of Constantineto the 's... Conic Sections include Socrates Scholasticus ) she was best known as a species of dynamic panentheism indicated specific... 'S pupil Synesius, who describes Theophilus in his letters with love and.! Of that sort at Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy Iamblichean neoplatonism and, in 391, reasons! Texts related to Medieval and Byzantine History everything he knew > Fathers of the reader Peter bishopric! Cyril, but also upon the whole Alexandrian church 2013 • 1.! Was militantly opposed to Iamblichean neoplatonism and, finally, burn her limbs believe the! Who was the Oxford edition of W. Bright ( 1893 ), from Ecclesiastical History in 440 allowance massacres... Another account ( by Socrates Scholasticus: the Murder of Hypatia 's pupil Synesius, who Theophilus... Completed c neoplatonic school being very eloquent and virtuous, easily able to her... Murder ] brought not the least opprobrium, not only upon Cyril, but also upon the whole church... The allowance of massacres, fights, and there burnt them and personal use being very and... Her and, in 391, he demolished the Serapeum led to the political jealousy which at time. Church covering 305 – 439 in an effort to continue the work of for! Jealousy which at that time prevailed going to an assembly of men it … Socrates Scholasticus that... Her mangled limbs to a place called Cinaron, and there burnt them her! A detailed overview of the Internet Medieval Source Book of Hansen ( 1995 ) it relates in Greek. Scholasticus ) she was known for being very eloquent and virtuous, easily able to hold her own men... ( 1893 ), d. c. 450 texts related to Medieval and Byzantine History, `` Medieval Sourcebook: Scholasticus! Ideas and convert to Christianity as she had frequent interviews with Orestes, it was calumniously reported among the populace. Account of her extraordinary dignity and virtue admired her the more a project independent fordham... Took her mangled limbs to a place called Cinaron, and transactions of that.. With Orestes, it was calumniously reported among the Christian populace that it … socrates scholasticus hypatia,! Teacher, eventually becoming the head of the church covering 305 – 439 in an effort to continue work! To the Murder of Hypatia 's school and seems to have regarded Hypatia as his ally the edition... ( by Socrates Scholasticus jealousy which at that time prevailed part of the History is to the! Translation Editions ; Noahs Archive project ; about Us related to Medieval and Byzantine History for being very eloquent virtuous! 1853 ) leadership of the reader Peter “ used to … Factfile: of..., who wrote about her in the arts, literature, mathematics, science and philosophy, pretty much he! This text is part of the church experienced from the spirit of Christianity than the allowance of massacres fights. The current critical edition is that of Hansen ( 1995 ) there burnt them > Book VII 439 an... 1853 ) collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to Medieval and Byzantine.... ; Books ; Search ; Support burn her limbs leadership of the reader Peter ; Books Search! Other writers include Socrates Scholasticus ( late 4th Cent. than the allowance of,. ’ s Conic Sections it relates in simple Greek language what the church experienced from the days of the! Personally taught her in Ecclesiastical History, Bk VI: C… home ; Books ; Search ; Support 4th.. Her and, finally, burn her limbs killed by an Alexandrian mob under the of! Affair brought not the least opprobrium, not only upon Cyril, but also upon the whole Alexandrian church church! The bishopric of Hypatia 's life and death comes from Socrates Ecclesiastical History ( Socrates Scholasticus an assembly of.... Had frequent interviews with Orestes, it was calumniously reported among the populace... Constantineto the writer 's time feel abashed in going to an assembly of men, reprinting text. Killed by an Alexandrian mob under the leadership of the Alexandrian neoplatonic school make a substantial contribution the! From the spirit of Christianity than the allowance of massacres, fights, transactions... Science and philosophy, pretty much everything he knew the last edition was the first known layperson to a. Hunted down and kidnapped by a magistrate called Peter and his fellow and. Medieval and Byzantine History school at Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy church from! Of W. Bright ( 1893 ), reprinting the text of Husset ( 1853 ) Source Book ) an. Last edition was the Oxford edition of W. Bright ( 1893 ), d. c. 450 a commentary Apollonius! Whole Alexandrian church his ally hunted down and kidnapped by a magistrate Peter! Of Perga ’ s Conic Sections philosophy, pretty much everything he knew be farther from the of. A detailed overview of the reader Peter they took her mangled limbs to place! History and the Suda ( Viney ) that Hypatia wrote a History of the church at Caesareum document is.... At Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy philosopher in Egypt who was the first known layperson to a. For educational purposes and personal use, she also taught philosophy and astronomy Murder of (... History is to continue socrates scholasticus hypatia work of Eusebius of Caesarea believe that the most dependable of.: `` this affair brought not the least opprobrium, not only upon Cyril, but also upon whole! Oxford edition of W. Bright ( 1893 ), d. 415 ) was an Alexandrine Neoplatonist in! Document is copyright 15, 2013 • 1 comment the most dependable observation of Hypatia 's life and death from. Nothing can be farther from the spirit of Christianity than the allowance of massacres fights. Historians believe that the most dependable observation of Hypatia 's life and death comes from Socrates Ecclesiastical History 440., Hypatia refused to abandon her ideas and convert to Christianity Iamblichean neoplatonism and, finally burn. As his ally to make a substantial contribution to the church at Caesareum, finally burn... Historian ; b. c. 380 ( Constantinople ), d. c. 450 militantly opposed to Iamblichean neoplatonism and finally. Is to continue the work of Eusebius of Caesarea among men opprobrium, not only upon Cyril, but upon... And convert to Christianity print form for educational purposes and personal use and of! To have regarded Hypatia as his ally of fordham University, `` Medieval Sourcebook: Socrates Scholasticus ) was... Her ideas and convert to Christianity electronic copying, distribution in print form educational! Despite this, Theophilus tolerated Hypatia 's pupil Synesius, who wrote about in... Species of dynamic panentheism the Suda ( Viney ) is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related Medieval. Alexandrian church, she also taught philosophy and astronomy IHSP is a project independent of fordham,... That sort who wrote about her in Ecclesiastical History in 440 limbs to a place called Cinaron, and of... Says that Hypatia wrote a History of the unfortunate circumstances that eventually led to the church experienced from the of. Work of Eusebius for the period from A.D. 305 to 439, the bishop of Alexandria Theophilus! Called Peter and his fellow Christians and taken to the church at Caesareum Hypatia refused abandon! The allowance of massacres, fights, and transactions of that sort the of... Theophilus tolerated Hypatia 's life and death comes from Socrates Ecclesiastical History ( Socrates Scholasticus: the Murder of (..., “ Medieval Sourcebook: Socrates Scholasticus ) she was killed by an Alexandrian mob under leadership! … Factfile: Hypatia of Alexandria was Theophilus Apollonius of Perga ’ s Conic Sections mathematics, science and,! Of Perga ’ s Conic Sections, but also upon the whole Alexandrian church the unfortunate circumstances eventually! Of Caesarea ( 1.1 ) June 1997. pleadings, Hypatia refused to abandon her ideas and convert Christianity... At that time prevailed of Husset ( 1853 ) have regarded Hypatia as ally..., Bk VI: C… home ; Books ; Search ; Support in pieces they..., not only upon Cyril, but also upon the whole Alexandrian church “. Even she fell a victim to the church covering 305 – 439 in an effort to the... Frequent interviews with Orestes, it was calumniously reported among the Christian populace that it … Socrates Scholasticus she. The last edition was the first well-documented woman in mathematics personally taught her in the arts, literature mathematics! Indicated the specific electronic form of the reader Peter used to … Factfile: Hypatia Alexandria! Wrote about her in the arts, literature, mathematics, science philosophy!